Radiation Experiments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Radiation Experiments - Essay Example UV beams are likewise useful to people; these incorporate the UV watermark that helps in confirmation of charge cards. Legal examination when a wrongdoing happens, in fluorescent lights where it ionizes the luminous covering inside the cylinders which emits white light. In stargazing where it is utilized to mention objective fact from space. UV beams are additionally used to follow a blood trail for an injured creature. Different utilizations incorporate clean consistence, spectrophotometer, filtration of the air, photochemotherapy, substance markers, phototherapy, photolithography, disinfection among different employments. (NASA) Examination of the measure of UV beams that individual are presented to is significant. This data can help in measuring the impacts brought about by these beams. UV likewise influences materials and paint. These Experiments decides the impacts of these beams on materials with the goal of lessening them or protecting materials and individuals from them (Callister, 757). From the graphical portrayal over, the brilliant light creates both the UVA and UVB beams. The brilliant light creates a greater amount of the UVA beams than UVB beams. It is likewise obvious that subsequent to turning ON the light, the creation of UVA is high and gradually blurs with time. For the UVB beams, the force is generally steady for the brief time frame. From the logical information about the UVA and UVB, UVA is more grounded and has a

How to Write an Entrance Essay For College

How to Write an Entrance Essay For CollegeIn order to get into college, you need to be a good writer, and the first step in being a good writer is to learn how to write an entrance essay for college. An entrance essay is a short section of a longer composition that is used by college admissions committees as their basis for considering students.Writing an entrance essay is a tricky process. You want to convince the committee that you are the best candidate for the college that you are applying to, but you also want to make sure that your writing is easy to read and understand. So how do you go about writing an entrance essay?The first thing that you should do before you start writing the entrance essay is to organize your thoughts. This will help you keep all of your ideas organized and make it easier to find something you want to write about.The next thing that you should do before you start writing the entrance essay is to make sure that you have a thorough idea of who you are and what you are hoping to accomplish with the college admissions committee. This is the part where you are going to give them an idea of your personality and also how you plan to make a contribution to the college community. The reason why you want to give a good impression is because they are trying to determine whether or not you are the right person for the college.Writing your intro should begin with making sure that you understand what you want to say. This is a good idea because it will help you find the proper words to express your thoughts clearly.When you are writing the entrance essay, you should always keep your tone clear and professional. You want to make sure that you present yourself as an individual that is dedicated to being a part of the college community and that you will do all that you can to make this happen.How to write an entrance essay for college will help you out if you make sure that you follow these simple steps. All you have to do is use the resources avai lable online, and then you can actually put some of these tips to use in your own life.Remember that your entrance essay is the first thing that will be read by the college admissions committee, so make sure that you are giving them a good impression. These tips can help you along your way.

How to Write a Good Opinion Essay

How to Write a Good Opinion EssayA sample opinion essay is an important part of any course or education. A good sample opinion essay will provide you with enough information to prepare for a class or to write a proper final essay on your own. They should include information that will help the reader understand your topic and the material covered.You need to use a sample opinion essay when you are learning to write an opinion essay. There are many websites that offer free samples that you can use in your opinion essay. However, it is best to purchase a sample essay from a company that you trust and to look at some sample essays from different authors. This will allow you to see how each author uses the same sample opinion essay and to gain an idea of the writing style he or she uses.To create a good opinion essay, you will need to gather the facts from all of the sources that you will be using. When reading your sample essay, take the time to listen to what the author is saying and to be able to relate the statements to the material that you know. Use the example statements and compare them to the material that you have read so that you can relate the information and speak to the information that the author has provided.When writing an opinion essay, it is not always easy to write a short one-liner to get across your opinion. However, to be effective, you will need to write a thought-provoking piece that is short and memorable. You do not want to leave out anything, but you do want to use as many words as possible in your opinion essay. It should be concise and make a statement about the topic at hand.The following paragraphs contain some sample opinion essays that you can use as examples of the types of opinions that you can express in an opinion essay. They are written by the famous author Dr. Seuss. Some of the opinions expressed by Dr. Seuss arecontroversial. While some people view these opinions as racist, they still convey some well-known ideas that can be used as an example of how to express opinions in an opinion essay.Some great use of good use of quotes of other authors to express opinions. For example, you can have Dr. Seuss uses an old quote about the importance of breaking the shells of ice when you send letters to other nations that are located near the North Pole. You may also want to include quotes from Dr. Seuss's famous books.If you would like to include opinions on your opinion essay, you should research all the sources you will be using. You should also see what your contemporaries, teachers, and friends have to say about the subject that you are writing about. Reading through these materials will give you an idea of the sources that are available to you.An opinion essay is a great way to gain attention from those who read it. This is because many people feel more comfortable reading an opinion essay that has been written by someone who has more knowledge about the topic at hand. Readers find this to be an interesting a nd informative way to learn more about a subject that they may have heard about in class. With a little effort, you will be able to create an opinion essay that will keep the reader's attention for the length of the essay and will leave them eager to read the next one.

Economic And Political Challenges Facing China - 1474 Words

Having a historical record of over three thousand years, China is considered as one of the few countries with a significant continuous civilization. Before the twentieth century, it was under the rule of various dynasties. â€Å"The Xia dynasty was the first dynasty to rule in the country† (Tanner 35). The bureaucratic systems of these regimes resulted to the agrarian civilization that was much better off than the existing nomadic cultures. â€Å"Through the entire period from the 1990s, the country has regained its effectiveness towards both legal and economic reforms prioritized by the government, enabling it to focus more on the improvement of criminal law system as well as in the modernization of the legal personnel† (Niu and State Information†¦show more content†¦In the recent past, China’s economy has grown at a high rate attracting the attention of the foreign investors. Its gross domestic product has also been high, with the year 2014 recording t he highest figure of over ten percent of the world’s economy. The overall structure of its economy has also improved; the unemployment rates have gone down with prices rising at a moderate rate. It is always clear that with a high rate of unemployment within a country, the income levels also tend to be low affecting the living standards of the people, which in turn results to lower productivity levels in the country. Regardless of maintaining a positive balance of payments, the country’s economy also faces some challenges. â€Å"China’s economy is facing economic challenge regarding possibilities of deflationary risks† (Mulroney 15). Its economy is also experiencing relatively high costs incurred during the financing of the enterprises. The local governments are overburdened with massive amounts of debts that need to be clear. All these challenges are slowing down the rate of its economic growth. Politically, the communist party forms the nation’s founding and the ruling party in the modern society. A large number of the party members, approximately eighty-six milling gives it the power to influence various policies not only nationally but also internationally. One of the most pressing issues that the

The Essential Nature Of Art - 1440 Words

The essential nature of art is meant to portray the daily lives of the people in that culture. It shows what the people think is important, beautiful, and valid. It expresses the emotions that the artists feel, and it provides decoration through his medium. During the Renaissance, wealthy families would contract artists to create works of art as a financial investment and also as a way to flaunt their wealth. Today, wealthy families purchase works of art in a similar manner; as a financial investment and as a way to show off their wealth. The difference between the Renaissance era and today is that the medium has changed. Although art still takes the form of paintings, poetry, novels, music, film and television, a whole new medium of art had been created, yet the essentials of art still remain the same. During the fifteen century, many people believed themselves to be living in a new age, and that was when the Early Renaissance started. In Italy, the most priced artworks depicted the revival of Greek gods and goddesses. Artists in that era studied the natural world, anatomy and perspective in order to create the most famous masterpieces found in Europe today. One of them is called The Birth of Venus made by a famous Italian artist named Sandro Botticelli. His real name was Alessandro di Mariano Filipepi, born in Florence, Italy in 1445. In fact, â€Å"he created this painting in 1486 by the time he was assigned to work for the Medici family of Florence along with his cousinShow MoreRelatedTo What Extent Do Audiences Need Art Galleries to View Their Works1278 Words   |  6 PagesTo what extent do audiences need art galleries to view art works? Art galleries are essential to the art world, however, is not the only source for audiences to view art. To begin with, art and artwork is defined as the application of human skill, creativity and imagination. Taking this into consideration, individuals need to examine the nature and purpose of art galleries as a facility to collaborate, organize and display a collection of artworks. As art however, is any expression of human creativityRead MoreManagement1102 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Management? Definitions According to Harold Koontz, Management is the art of getting things done through and with people in formally organised groups. Harold Koontz gave this definition of management in his book The Management Theory Jungle. According to Henri Fayol, To manage is to forecast and to plan, to organise, to command, to co-ordinate and to control. Henri Fayol gave this definition of management in his book Industrial and General Administration. Image Credits  ©Read MoreConceptual Art Essay690 Words   |  3 Pagesart’s making and reception. Conceptual Art maybe defined as a concept or art movement that came about the 1960’s as a reaction towards formalism. 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Project teams consist of people and no two people, personalities, or skill sets are the same. This is the project manager’s blessing and curse. Given the 14 Key Principles for Project Management Success (Greer 1999), no two project managers will interpret these principles the same, nor will they execute their duties with equal skill. I will demonstrate the art of project management as I step through these 14 Key PrinciplesRead MoreSchiller ´s Aesthetic Philosophy of Human Nature799 Words   |  4 Pagessomething that is essential for all human beings. In other words, the part’’ is missing the whole’’. Friedrich Schiller on the Sixth Letter of his text On the Aesthetic Education of Man in a Series of Letters’’ gives an example of a culture, which was not wanting. This culture, the Hellenic Greeks, seemed to manage a perfect balance between art and wisdom, and their connect ion to nature, for they realized art and wisdom were not something of their own that detached them from nature, but that theyRead MoreBeauty and the Unattainable821 Words   |  4 Pagessomething that is essential for all human beings.   In other words, the part’’ is missing the whole’’.  Friedrich Schiller on the Sixth Letter of his text On the Aesthetic Education of Man in a Series of Letters’’ gives an example of a culture, which was not wanting.  This culture, the Hellenic Greeks, seemed to manage a perfect balance between art and wisdom, and their connection to nature, for they realized art and wisdom were not something of their own that detached them from nature, but that they

Climate Change Global Warming - 890 Words

Global climate has been changing throughout history; just in the last 650,000 years there have been seven cycles of glacial advances and retreats. The abrupt end of the last ice age, about 7,000 years ago, marked the beginning of the modern climate era and of human civilization. Global warming has gradually increased the overall temperature of the earth’s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants. There is compelling evidence of rapid climate change because of different sea levels rising, glacial retreat, warming oceans, shrinking ice sheets, extreme weather, ocean acidification and decreased snow cover. Most climate scientists agree the main cause of the current global warming trend is human expansion of the â€Å"greenhouse effect†: which is when the atmosphere traps heat radiating from earth towards space rather than allowing it to pass through. Certain gases in th e atmosphere that do not respond physically or chemically to changes in temperature are described as â€Å"forcing† climate change. Water vapor is an example of this; it responds physically or chemically to changes in temperature and is seen as â€Å"feedback.† If we don’t know how much of the recent warming is natural, then how can we figure out how much is manmade? The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) is a group that assesses the scientific, technical and socio-economic information relevant forShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And Climate Change974 Words   |  4 Pagesabout global warming, whether it is true or false. Is there evidence to prove that global warming has impacted the climate due to the rise in the earth’s temperature? Climate change is a problem that is worldwide that should be reviewed. The rise in the earth’s temperature has caused some impact to the weather and climate changes to many places worldwide. 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Despite the popularity and the ubiquity of these terms, the public’s theoretical and conceptual understanding of them and their causal relations is often based on superficial knowledge and buzzwords or caricatures outlined and depicted in several popular mediaRead MoreClimate Change : Global Warming1194 Words   |  5 PagesDonya Curtis April 19, 2017 English 1001-rough draft Global Warming Global warming is one facet of the broader term climate change. It is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth s surface air and oceans from the mid 20th century and the projected continuation. The Global warming is primarily the consequence of building up greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. Emission rates for most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, CO2, have increased 120 fold in the past 140 years. WhileRead MoreClimate Change and Global Warming1074 Words   |  5 PagesClimate change and Global Warming are out of control. 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Compare the presentation of your chosen character in the play with the presentation of the same character in an adaptation of the play Essay Example For Students

Compare the presentation of your chosen character in the play with the presentation of the same character in an adaptation of the play Essay William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy exploring the themes of love, loyalty and animosity revolving around two main characters Romeo, from the Montague family and Juliet, from the Capulet family. In the play, Shakespeare uses many poetic techniques to present the different stages of all these themes and to widen the audiences perception of the main characters themselves. There have been many different versions of the play; however this essay will focus particularly on Baz Luhrmanns 1996 film adaptation and compare the characterisation of Romeo with the same character in the original play. In Act 1 Scene 5 of the play, Romeo attends a masquerade ball held by the Capulet family. He is represented as being love struck and a hopeless romantic during his first glimpse of Juliet. The phrase Beauty too rich for use, for Earth too dear: demonstrates that he believes she is too good for the Earth itself and ought to be in heaven with the angels. Shakespeare uses iambic pentameter to make the phrase flow together and also a rhyming scheme to show that Romeo is from a well-educated and aristocratic family. The use of the word rich shows that Romeo believes she is valuable and compares her to that of a possession which demonstrates the time period in which it was written in as it was Patriarchal society. Shakespeare uses hyperboles to further emphasise the fact that Romeo is profoundly in love with Juliet and displays that he is idealistic and passionate about her. The use of dramatic irony in the phrase also creates sympathy for Romeo and shows him in a naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve way as he describes Juliet as if she should be in heaven which from the audience perspective is ironic as they know that both Romeo and Juliet will die together because of their passion and love for each other. In the film version, Juliet is also seen to have a profound effect on Romeo during their first meeting however Baz Luhrmann has amplified this for the purposes of the film. He shows Romeo as intrigued and open to Juliet, though also indicates his naivety to the audience. Romeos first sight of Juliet is through a fish tank as he sees her eye. This has connotations of romance and mystery as he does not know what is on the other side of the tank and it is said that eyes provide entry to the soul. It also demonstrates that Romeo is interested in what he sees as he does not attempt to move away from the fish tank throughout the shot. No words are exchanged during the two characters in this section to illustrate the immediate connection they have towards each other. Romeo wore a knights costume to show to the audience that he is Juliets knight in shining armour and will save her. Baz Luhrmann chose to have Romeo see Juliet through a fish tank as it expresses Romeos desire for freedom from the restrictions of his family as he sees that the fish are not controlled in the tank, however the tank also expresses the fact that he is naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve and mistaken as he does not see that the fish are trapped in the dimensions of the tank itself and cannot escape. The shot is split in half, with a partial view of Romeo in one side and the fish tank in the other. This represents Romeos reality side versus his dreams and imagination and demonstrates that he is torn between the two sides. Prior to this, Romeo is seen removing his mask and throwing it in the water, which symbolises that he is taking off his disguise and is getting rid of his identity as a Montague. The water has connotations of cleansing and starting over which relates to Romeo as he wants to start afresh. The significance of this is very important to Romeos characterisation as it shows him as rebellious and disobedient towards both his family, as he is wishes not be a Montague any longer, and towards the social aspects of the party as it is a masquerade ball therefore by revealing his identity he is in breach of the social protocols. He is also causing himself danger as being part of the Montague family; he is enemies with the Capulets. Evil has always been in everyone's lives EssayHowever in the film adaptation, Baz Luhrmann chooses not to include the beginning of Act 5 Scene 3 from the play, when Romeo meets and slays Paris, to make the audience concentrate more on Romeo and his following actions. He is seen as desperate and not thinking straight, this is shown when Romeo enters the church after a chase scene with the police. Luhrmann uses intertextuality from an action and crime scene film in the shot to modernise the play and make it more appealing to viewers. Romeo being part of a chase scene demonstrates that he is determined to get to Juliet and would not let anyone get in his way, however also illustrates that he is not aware of the consequences of his actions towards both himself and others. The producer uses an aerial shot to film the scene as it gives the audience a full overhead view and also reinforces the intertextuality in the scene. Luhrmann decides to place Juliets body in a church surrounded by hundreds of burning candles compared with that of the tomb in Shakespeares original play to emphasise the link between religion and the two main characters in the film. A panning shot was used to show Juliets body to emphasise the shock of what Romeo witnesses in the church. In this scene Romeo and Juliet are alone which displays that to Romeo, Juliet was the only person that mattered to him. Overall both William Shakespeare and Baz Luhrmann use specific techniques to represent Romeo through many different emotional stages, however the ways in which they communicate these attitudes differ throughout both the play and adaptation. Baz Luhrmann chooses to use many contemporary techniques via costume, props and filming methods to update the play and make Romeo seem more modernised, whereas William Shakespeare portrays Romeo through language techniques such as soliloquys and sonnets to emphasise his romantic side and show that his love is not just skin deep. Both types of techniques are very effective in the characterisation of Romeo to the audience and are able to communicate the depth of feeling and emotion from his point of view.

Marketing Mix in Cafe Coffee Day free essay sample

Create a 5 page website for showcasing your products a. Home ( Group collaboration) i. Describe your company, the products you are selling, membership form, link to other pages b. Products 1 (member 1) i. Minimum of 5 products, with an image, name, desciption, price value, buy option, link to other pages c. Products 1 (member 2) ink to other pages d. Products 1 (member 3) link to other pages e. Products 1 (member 4) link to other pages f. Products 1 (member 5) link to other pages The 2nd and 3rd page are sample layouts (home and individual pages), the code on the 4th page is an example of a form that should be in the bottom right part of the Home Page Home Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5

Actinides (Actinide Series) Element Properties

Actinides (Actinide Series) Element Properties At the bottom of the periodic table, there is a special group of radioactive metallic elements. These elements have interesting properties and play a key role in nuclear chemistry. Actinides Definition The actinides or actinoids are a set of radioactive elements on the periodic table, usually considered ranging from atomic number 89 to atomic number 103. Location of the Actinides The modern periodic table has two rows of elements below the main body of the table. The actinides are the elements in the bottom row. The top row is the lanthanide series. The reason these two rows of elements are placed below the main table is that they dont fit in the design without making the table confusing and very wide. However, these two rows of elements are metals, sometimes considered a subset of the transition metals group. In fact, the lanthanides and actinides are sometimes called the inner transition metals, referring to their properties and position on the table. Two ways of including the lanthanides and actinides within a periodic table are to include those elements in their corresponding rows with the transition metals (makes the table wider) or ballooning them out to make a three-dimensional table. List of Elements in the Actinide Series There are 15 actinide elements. The electronic configurations of the actinides utilize the f sublevel, with the exception of lawrencium (a d-block element). Depending on your interpretation of the periodicity of the elements, the series begins with actinium or thorium, continuing to lawrencium. The usual list of elements in the actinide series is: Actinium (Ac)Thorium (Th)Protactinium (Pa)Uranium (U)Neptunium (Np)Plutonium (Pu)Americium (Am)Curium (Cm)Berkelium (Bk)Californium (Cf)Einsteinium (Es)Fermium (Fm)Mendelevium (Md)Nobelium (No)Lawrencium (Lr) Actinide Abundance The only two actinides found in appreciable quantities in the Earths crust are thorium and uranium. Small quantities of plutonium and neptunium are present in uranium orders. Actinium and protactinium occur as decay products of certain thorium and uranium isotopes. The other actinides are considered synthetic elements. If they occur naturally, it is part of a decay scheme of a heavier element. Common Properties of the Actinides Actinides share the following common properties: All are radioactive. These elements have no stable isotopes.Actinides are highly electropositive.The metals tarnish readily in air. These elements are pyrophoric (spontaneously ignite in air), particularly as finely divided powders.Actinides are very dense metals with distinctive structures. Numerous allotropes may be formed (plutonium has at least 6 allotropes!). The exception is actinium, which has fewer crystalline phases.They react with boiling water or dilute acid to release hydrogen gas.Actinide metals tend to be fairly soft. Some can be cut with a knife.These elements are malleable and ductile.All of the actinides are paramagnetic.All of these elements are silver-colored metals that are solid at room temperature and pressure.Actinides combine directly with most nonmetals.The actinides successively fill the 5f sublevel. Many actinide metals have properties of both d block and f block elements.Actinides display several valence states (typically more than the lanthanides). Most a re prone to hybridization. The actinides (An) may be prepared by reduction of AnF3  or AnF4  with vapors of Li, Mg, Ca, or Ba at 1100 - 1400 °C. Actinide Uses For the most part, we dont encounter these radioactive elements much in daily life. Americium is found in smoke detectors. Thorium is found in gas mantles. Actinium is used in scientific and medical research as a neutron source, indicator, and gamma source. Actinides may be used as dopants to make glass and crystals luminescent. The bulk of actinide use goes to energy production and defense operations. The primary use of the actinide elements is as nuclear reactor fuel and for the production of nuclear weapons. The actinides are favored for these reactions because they readily undergo nuclear reactions, releasing incredible amounts of energy. If the conditions are right, the nuclear reactions may become chain reactions. References E. Fermi (1934). Possible Production of Elements of Atomic Number Higher than 92.  Nature.  133  (3372): 898–899.Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 1230–1242.Theodore Gray (2009).  The Elements: A Visual Exploration of Every Known Atom in the Universe. New York: Black Dog Leventhal Publishers. p.  240.

AnalyticalResponse1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

AnalyticalResponse1 - Essay Example She is bored to death in her sisters house. When she finds work in a shoe factory, this too turns out to be drudgery. She does have enough money to buy some decent clothes as she has to pay four dollars a week as rent to her sister. Carrie begins to hate her co-workers and tries to get out of the boredom by spending most of her free time watching people as they pass on the street outside her sisters house. Carrie loses her job after an illness. It looks like she has to forget her big dreams of becoming rich and famous and return home. However she meets, George Drouet, a successful salesman, who she had earlier met in a train, by chance, a second time. Carrie leaves her sisters house and lives with George. In the meantime Carrie meets George Hurstwood, a friend of Drouet and a wealthy manager of a Chicago tavern. After a string of misunderstandings and errors in moral judgments, Carrie and Hurstwood move on to bigger and better lives in the big city of New York. Capitalism in America brought one of the biggest changes to American culture and that was the trend of â€Å"conspicuous consumption". Carrie in the novel represents consumerism and the American middle class. Carrie is shown as being "ambitious to gain in material things." (Dreiser,1900) And her personality reflects the American middle class growing desire for material things. Carrie wants to accumulate material things because she desires a higher status in society and she is aware that this will undoubtedly ensure her a higher status. Dreiser emphasizes this fact by giving us specific details about everything Carrie owns. Carrie has an imitation alligator-skin bag. She cannot afford a real alligator skin bag but still has an imitation one as she wants the status that goes with conspicuous consumption. As one reads the novel one can see the transition in Carries character while trying to adjust to the fast life of a big city. She suffers from what

CRIMINOLOGY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

CRIMINOLOGY - Essay Example It will be argued that both theories lack a basic explanation of psychology or the human agents involved in criminal behaviour. Thus, while both theories explain crime and deviance on a 'macro-level', they present problems on the micro level by not providing sufficient explanation for individual deviance. It will be argued that functionalism was a useful model in an era where society was less fragmented, while 'social conflict' continues to be a useful model because the material conditions underlying crime have persisted. CONFLICT THEORY The notion of conflict theory, is one which is grounded or established in the basic Marxist principle of the class struggle, p. â€Å"crime as a legal definition of human conduct is created by agents of the dominant class in a politically organized society† [Adler & Adler, Ed., 2000, p. 65]. In Marxist terms, what Quinney argues is that the law essentially exists to serve the interests of the ruling class. Conversely, deviance and the social c onstruction along with the legal constructions of definitions of deviance, has the further agenda of protecting the interests of a particular group of people in society. That is, the interests of those who construct and often enforce the law. ... 65] constructions of any given society. In these terms, it can be maintained that this approach through ‘material’ measures, is also empirical, and as such, this paper is arguing that it provides the most adequate theory in terms of an assimilation of conflict theory, differential association and labeling theory . In this sense, some more comments on the empirical details of conflict theory ought to be raised and examined. A good example of the ‘empirical’ nature of ‘conflict theory’, and by ‘empirical’, it is implied in terms of employing a pronounced consideration of material conditions, is the notion of property. As the author in question argues, the structure of power is also established through wealth, and this represents property. In these terms, property is regarded as one of the most core or central rights within Western industrialized democracies. That is, if it is ‘capital’ and ‘property’ which ar e that which determine wealth and power, and in turn, there is a basic desire to maintain this, it follows that by strictly protecting property class interests or class conflict is perpetuated. Another important component of the theory in question, anticipates how ‘differential theory’ can improve upon this foundation. In conflict theory, one of the cornerstones for explaining law in terms of class structure, and power relations, is the notion of ‘socialization’. To maintain that there is in a sense, a coercive nature to law in the sense that there is a bonding of the educated and class elite along with, on the other hand, an association which occurs similarly among the more impoverished classes. For instance, it is a statistic of the

On “Unspeakable Conversations” Essay Example for Free

On â€Å"Unspeakable Conversations† Essay The issues of euthanasia and infanticide have long been subjects of heated debate, and there are no signs that the arguments for and against the two ethical dilemmas are coming to a halt. For the most part, the issue stems from the classic stand-off between religion and science, or religion and the state. In cases where the aforementioned conflict applies, what are brought to the table are arguments revolving around and stemming from the idea of a human being’s â€Å"right to life†. Generally the church invokes the central belief that a life can only be ended by the supreme being that created it, to counter whatever propositions that may have been deducted from scientific studies and philosophical undertakings that deviate from the said belief. Nowadays, debates on euthanasia and infanticide no longer just stem from religious beliefs. Opposition for the legalization of the two issues likewise comes from various organizations that, in more ways than one, are (or will be) directly affected. An example of such an organization is Not Dead Yet: a movement that concerns itself with the plight of the disabled, and of which Harriet McBride Johnson whose article â€Å"Unspeakable Conversations† is at the heart of this position paper – is a member. For purposes of clarity, this paper focuses on the implications of and points in Johnson’s article in exploring the philosophy of Peter Singer, who is undoubtedly one of the most controversial philosophers – nay, figures – today, with the intent of refuting his position relative to the two areas of concern. In a nutshell, this paper, while acceding to the logicality and coherence of Singer’s position, argues that the world in general is not yet ready for his revolutionary view of morality and ethics; and that there are more grounded alternatives that have yet to be considered and taken which do not require the legalization of either euthanasia or infanticide. The Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary defines euthanasia as â€Å"the act or practice of killing hopelessly sick or injured individuals (as persons or domestic animals) in a relatively painless way for reasons of mercy; also : the act or practice of allowing a hopelessly sick or injured patient to die by taking less than complete medical measures to prolong life—called also mercy killing†; infanticide, on the other hand, translates to â€Å"the killing of an infant†. Since the latter definition elicits horror, it is important to emphasize that what Singer proposes is selective infanticide – a concept that is not as horrifying when understood in the context of his philosophy. Harriet McBride Johnson’s â€Å"Unspeakable Conversations† is a personal account of the lawyer’s relationship with Singer, which began when she accepted the latter’s invitation to two speaking engagements in Princeton University in March 2002, and her thoughts on his philosophy. Even before her encounter with the controversial bioethicist, Johnson had been fully aware of Singer’s philosophy, what with her organization Not Dead Yet being a thorn on the professor’s side, disrupting his lectures and even protesting his appointment in Princeton University. As such, it is no surprise that in the latter part of the article Johnson recounts that her agreeing to be involved in one of Singer’s talks in a non-violent manner (so to speak) aroused negative feedback not only from her co-members in the organization – who believe that a discussion with him is out of the question since giving him an audience legitimizes his view but from her sister, who clearly is of the opinion that Singer’s view, if used as a basis for future legislation / action, may pave the way for another genocide. Johnson’s opposition to selective infanticide is grounded on two ideas: (1) that people are not fungible, and (2) the basis for selecting disabled infants is prejudicial. The first concept is clearly a response to Singer’s assertion that infants are replaceable, and thus infanticide cannot be considered wrong when done under the correct pretense. Such a striking proposition is rooted in what Johnson sees as Singer’s view that infants cannot be considered â€Å"persons† on the basis of their inability for self-awareness, and their inability to express preferences, the most important of which is the preference to live. As for the second idea, Johnson strengthened her argument by raising the issue of race versus disability (in relation to trends in adopting babies): if the basis for killing a certain infant is the prediction that its life will be worse-off in the future due to disability, then why can’t a mixed-race baby – whose chances of being adopted are slimmer compared to white babies, thereby raising its chances of living a life that is not at all appealing – also be considered? This oversight, for her, is a product of prejudice prevalent today. As indicated in the article, Singer responded to the question by saying that whereas preferences based on race are not reasonable, those based on ability are not. With regard to euthanasia, or assisted suicide, Johnson made use of the ideas of Andrew Batavia and Carol Gill to better make understood her point.. For Batavia, assisted suicide is but another way of upholding a person’s autonomy: if a person wants to die, then out of respect for the autonomy of that person, everything – even assistance – should be given to facilitate the choice. Carol Gill, on the other hand, considers assisted suicide a form of discrimination directed towards the disabled. This idea stems from the fact that on a general note, society takes every known measure to prevent the occurrence of suicides; and yet, suicides for the ill and the disabled – though assisted – are considered (or even encouraged). This contradiction is explained by Gill as a product of the underestimation most people have of the quality of life a disabled person has or can have, which likewise gave birth to the stereotypical image of the disabled as people who are to be pitied. With the above statement in mind, it only follows that society is not surprised – in fact, Gill went as far as to say that it is considered rational – when a choice to die is made by a disabled/ill person. Johnson quite expectedly sided with Gill, adding that what is worrying is what she calls the â€Å"veneer of beneficence – the medical determination that, for a given individual, suicide is reasonable or right. † Debunking Batavia, her article implies that choices are, in fact, illusory when the discussion is that of a disabled person’s preference to die. Why is this so? Under â€Å"normal† circumstances – that is, with a non-disabled person – a choice is to be upheld in respect of a person’s autonomy. When it comes to a disabled/ill person’s â€Å"choice† to die, however, the issue is not that of upholding the choice but of the very occurrence of the thought that the person prefers to die rather than live. For Johnson, prior to legalizing assisted suicide, what should be done is exhaust all possible means of upholding the right to live of the disabled and the ill. Quoting her: â€Å"We shouldn’t offer assistance with suicide until we have all the assistance we need to get out of bed in the morning and live a good life. Common causes of suicidality†¦ are entirely curable. † In defense of Singer and his views, Johnson acceded that the professor’s work is logical, in that â€Å"it does make sense – within the conceptual world of Peter Singer†. If one were to read his work â€Å"Practical Ethics†, it is clear that the ideas of Singer regarding infanticide and euthanasia are entirely rational, albeit horrifyingly so for the majority of the human race who have yet to understand his way of thinking. A utilitarian through and through, Singer merely applied the dictum of producing the most happiness for the most people in conjunction with his view that what matters is not the species of a creature but its sentience and ability for self-awareness. With these in mind, and all subjectivity aside, his pursuit of the legalization of euthanasia and selective infanticide are logical – as logical as his pursuit for animal rights are. However, such a revolutionary way of looking at the universe in general is still unwelcome today. To think like Singer is to uproot age-old beliefs and completely reconstruct one’s brand of morality – a feat that is perhaps not impossible, but improbable. As such, Johnson’s idea that before thinking of assisted suicide, assistance first should be given to the disabled and the ill, is the better route to take. REFERENCES Johnson, Harriet. (2003). Unspeakable Conversations. New York Times. February 16, 2003, from http://query. nytimes. com/gst/fullpage. html sec=healthres=9401EFDC113BF935A25751C0A9659C8B63 Mar. (2008). Princeton Bio-Medical Ethics Professor Peter Singer Teaches Controversial Ethics. Associated Content. February 21, 2008, from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/616049/princeton_biomedical_ethics_professor. html? cat=5 Singer, Peter. (2008). Putting Practice Into Ethics. The Sun: New York. January 16, 2008, from http://www. nysun. com/arts/putting-practice-into-ethics/69595/

Lead And The Environment :: essays research papers

Lead and The Environment Some materials are so commonplace that we take them for granted. One of those materials is a grayish metal that has been with us for thousands of years. That metal is lead, still one of the world's most useful substances, and one that never ceases to find a role in human society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lead has the atomic symbol of Pb (for plumbum, lead in Latin). The atomic number for lead is 82 and the atomic mass is 207.19 AMU. It melts at about 327.502 oC and boils at 1740 oC. Lead is a heavy, ductile, soft, gray solid. It is soluble in nitric acid and insoluble in water. It is found in North, Central and South America, Australia, Africa and Europe. In modern times, lead has found a wide range of uses, and world demand for lead and its products has steadily increased. Lead's usefulness stems from the metal's many desirable properties: softness, high density, low melting point, ability to block radiation, resistance to corrosion, readiness to form alloys and chemical compounds, and ease of recycling. Its versatility, as well as its physical and chemical properties, accounted for its extensive use. Lead can be rolled into sheets which can be made into rods and pipes. It can also be molded into containers and mixed with other metallic elements.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lead was used in ancient times for making coinage, art objects and water pipes. One of the first known toxic substances, lead was used by the Romans for lining aqueducts and in glazes on containers used for food and wine storage; and it is suspected to have resulted in widespread lead poisoning. Members of the famous Franklin Expedition to the Northwest Passage in the mid-1840s met a similar fate, being poisoned from lead in solder, widely used at the time to seal tins used to store foods. Until recently, one of the most significant uses was an anti-knock additive in gasoline. In the 1970s and 1980s, steps were taken to reduce the use of leaded gas. By 1990, these actions had virtually eliminated the use of lead in gasoline. Lead is also one of the best and earliest examples of recycling about 55 percent of the lead used in Canada comes from recycled material.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One particular category of toxic tort is injury caused by exposure to lead-based paint. The hazards of lead-based paint have been known since the early 1900s, when the use of lead in the manufacture of paint was banned in Australia. The lead mining and lead pigment industries in the United States were able, however, to forestall the banning the use of lead in the manufacture of

Professional Athletes: Role Models or Criminals?

Professional athletes have been role models for children and adults alike since the beginning of time. They are often thought of superhuman, celebrities, and to some—even Gods due to their incredible physical strength, and unnatural talent. Professional athletes are given many things that the average American only dreams about; ranging from multi-million dollar paychecks, expensive cars, high profile romances, to exotic vacations. Oh, and being above the law. Numerous high profile players have been arrested multiple times throughout their career, escaping with nothing more than a slap on the wrist from law enforcement, or the NFL.Even those players convicted, and sent to prison for their â€Å"sentence† will be able to return to the football field after being released. Over the past decade the incidents regarding player’s conduct have increased dramatically all the while dragging the NFL’s reputation and ethics through the mud. It begs the question– should these athletes who are the role models for millions, be above the law simply because they are entertainers and celebrities? The answer is no. In my opinion a drastic change needs to happen immediately regarding this growing problem.No longer should players be able to go unpunished for committing crimes. However, to find the solution for this growing predicament—is to establish what factors contribute directly to it. The problem goes beyond the athletes being able to go unpunished for committing crimes. It starts with the league’s menial punishments, team owner’s irresponsible player management, fan attitudes, and the character of the player’s themselves. On the other hand, there are people, including; fans, agents, and of course the players themselves, who believe that the punishments being given now are too severe.I would just like to show those people another view of this debate—the view of an everyday person. In April 2007 NFL commissione r Roger Goodell put into effect new policies regarding player conduct based on the high number of players being arrested for major crimes. Due to the nature of the transgressions NFL officials began to worry about losing fans deterred by the league’s image. The new policy included longer suspensions, heavier fines, and team accountability for their players committing crimes.The new policy includes â€Å"requiring teams to pay the league a portion of the salaries forfeited by players suspended for violating policies regarding personal conduct† (Schrotenboer). Goodell’s goal is to hold team owners and managers partially responsible for the actions of the players on their roster. This forces the decision makers to put more consideration into drafting and signing troubled athletes, because now it is their money—not just their image at stake. Although the policy is a step in the right direction it is not doing near enough to clean up the league because talent is more important than character to a team.One example of this is Cincinnati Bengal’s receiver Chris Henry who was released by the team only after being arrested six times between December 2005 and March 2009 for crimes ranging from possession of marijuana, sex with a minor, DUI, and possession of and aggravated assault with a gun (Brandt). However, even with his arrest log reading like a novel, Henry has served a total of just eighty-eight days in prison for his crimes. This sentence came only after the second incident concerning relations with a minor.But, the Bengals kept him on the roster, even though four of the six incidents occurred after Goodell’s new conduct policy was put into effect. As far as the harsher punishment Goodell promised, Henry received a total a three game suspension for each of the incidents before being cut following the most recent assault arrest (Carpenter, Maske). Who should be to blame for allowing this criminal to go free and continue mak ing his millions? The ultimate blame needs to be placed on not only Henry himself, but also the owner and manager of the Cincinnati Bengals.Coaches have a large impact on the players on their teams. By allowing them to misbehave, they are basically telling the players what they do off the field does not matter as long as you win. In order to help clean up the NFL, coaches need to set an example by putting the law before the sport. Being in charge of a multi-million dollar business such as a professional football team, head coaches are under immense pressure to win, and will do so by any means. Marvin Lewis, the head coach of Chris Henry’s former team, the Bengals is a perfect example of winning at any cost—all the while denying so.In the article Player Arrest Put the NFL in A Defensive Mode, authors Les Carpenter and Mark Maske point out Lewis’ actions. During a 2007 press conference focused on the eight Bengals players arrested in the past year, including one p layer, Chris Henry, who had been arrested three times. Coach Lewis was asked to give his opinion on the player’s behavior. He responded by bitterly condemning the player’s actions. â€Å"It is an embarrassment to our organization†¦It doesn’t matter what you do for a living or who you are, you’ve got to follow those rules and laws† (Carpenter and Maske).This statement came from the leader of these players, as well as the man who only suspended Henry for two games after his prison stint. However, Lewis is not the only coach to allow felon players to escape punishment—because they are needed to win. In order to reverse the coaches attitudes toward the law there are things that need to be changed. For example, coaches should be required to pay a fine for every player who breaks the conduct code, or gets arrested. The new policy requires the team to pay—but not the coaches. Even if fining the coaches was put into effect it wouldn†™t alter the situation on its own.To have maximum impact on the league as a whole, another avenue needs to be taken. One way is suggested by Mike Florio in his article, NFL should strip draft picks from rogue teams. â€Å"The only way to get teams to avoid players with a history of legal problems—or, even better, help the player change his unlawful ways—is to strip the team of draft picks† (Florio). However, in order for this to happen, league officials such as Goodell need to introduce harsher penalties and fines to have any impact on players, coaches, and owners alike.However, for some people the current punishments being enforced are completely over the top already. When Goodell revealed his plans for the new policy in 2007 he was met with enthusiasm, praise, doubt, and protest—and that was just from fans. This shocked me that there is an NFL fan out there so dedicated to his or her favorite player that they oppose punishing offenders? Surprisingly t he answer is yes. On April 1st, 2009 Cleveland Brown’s wide receiver Donte’ Stallworth left a Miami nightclub at two o-clock in the morning, got behind the wheel of his Bentley and began to drive home.Three miles from his destination he was approaching what he thought was a yellow light and sped up to avoid it changing. However, due to his drunken stupor he failed to notice it was actually a red light—which he ran seconds before striking, and killing a pedestrian using the crosswalk. Stallworth was then charged with DUI vehicular manslaughter and released on $200,000 bail. His punishment? Thirty days in prison, two years house arrest—oh and a one season suspension from the league. Stallworth killed a man and will spend a total of thirty days in county jail, and forfeit a maximum of $745,000 salary for killing a man.To many people this is an utterly inconceivable notion. Stallworth killed an innocent man by choosing to drive intoxicated, and because of his status as one of the league’s best players he did less jail time than most drug dealers. Following Stallworth’s arrest all eyes turned to Goodell and the rest of the NFL officials to see what punishment, under the still new polictallworth’s arrest all eyes turned to Goodell and the rest of the NFL officials to see what punishment, under the new policy would be given. Stallworth was suspended a total of sixteen games during the time which he serves house arrest.To me, that is not punishment. However, others do not agree—and they are another piece of the NFL’s problem. One of those people is La Mont Chappell who writes in an article addressing Goodell’s choice of punishment for Stallworth and other criminal players. â€Å"Donte Stallworth deserves some sort of punishment for getting drunk, choosing to drive drunk, hitting a pedestrian, and ultimately killing that pedestrian†¦It is unfair to Donte Stallworth to be suspended for such a lo ng period of time because NFL players do not have long careers† (Chappell).To Chappell and other protestors of increasing punishment where do they draw a line? In another article reaming Goodell NFL agent Peter Schaffer writes, â€Å"It is clear our new NFL commissioner has pushed the punitive bar too high, to the point of inappropriate excessive†¦in Stallworth’s case—the one major difference between a murder or some other type of intentional crime and a DUI manslaughter is that there was not the original intent to do harm to another human† (Schaffer). People such as Chappell and Schaffer; fans and agents are the final component to fixing the NFL’s image.Athletes will continue to commit crimes because loyal fans, and money hungry agents will make excuses for their actions, something that can be changed. For example, agents get paid big bucks when athletes get paid big bucks. So, if an athlete is suspended, it hurts the agent’s pockets as well. A new policy could be added that will fine agents as well as players for breaking the law. That will prevent agents from representing the players that are multiple offenders—therefore setting a positive example to the public, and making players think twice about doing something stupid.In then end the NFL’s image problem can be chalked up to many different sources and comprise of many different factors and unless something is done to counteract the current trend nothing will change. The commissioner took a small step forward in 2007 by implementing the new policy—but he needs to step up as the leader he is and make punishments and fines that will impact players into changing their ways. Sure, there will be critics, but that is what it takes to regain the respectable name the NFL once had. It will not be simple, and it may take time, but it needs to be done.

The Journey of Mrs. Turpin through Life in Revelation by Flannery OConnor Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Mrs. Turpin s attitude, character, and view of life are changed based on the experiences she encounters. This begins right at the waiting room when Mary Grace kept looking at her in a way that suggested she knew Turpin in some intense and personal way, beyond time and place and condition (O Connor, 146). Through her looks, Turpin started to realize that people were seeing her differently, and this was the beginning of the revelation. Grace attacks Mrs. Turpin and tells her to Go back to hell where you came from, you old wart hog (O Connor, 146). This message made Turpin sink back in her chair and started to deeply think of what she had been told. She began to ask herself; How am I a hog? Exactly how am I like them (O Connor, 150)? She begins to see herself as trash; just the same way she had treated everybody at the office and throughout her life. While at her home, Turpin cries and gets angry that such a message was directed to her. She even asks herself why the message had been directed to her instated of the trash in there; there was plenty of trash there. We will write a custom essay sample on The Journey of Mrs. Turpin through Life in Revelation by Flannery O'Connor or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The visionary light here symbolizes new pair of eyes she had acquired. Her view of other people and life, in general, started to change. The visionary light appeared like a bridge that extended from earth through a field of living fire (O Connor, 151). She saw people on the bridge different from what she had been used to. For instance, there were companies of white trash, clean for the first time in their lives (O Connor, 151). She saw white niggers in white robes and battalions of freaks and lunatics shouting and clapping and leaping like frogs (O Connor, 151).

social security Essay - 1234 Words

In reading the book â€Å"Social Security and the Family† I learned a lot about the system that I had no idea about before. The book was fact filled and almost fun to read the need to know information. I gained much knowledge in the specifics of why the social security system is in need of reform, and why it will be inadequate in the years to come. One of the reasons our social security system isn’t working is because, â€Å"Social Security was modeled on the single-earner, married-couple family† (1). Times have changed dramatically since then. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When assessing the issues and current structure of the security system for change, â€Å"Four elements characterize the objectives of most tax expenditure programs, including Social†¦show more content†¦This absolutely violates the principle of horizontal equity. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The fourth and final objective discussed is efficiency, â€Å"which translates into trying to achieve the greatest good for lowest cost. One measure of efficiency is whether the effect of additional earnings on lifetime benefits of a couple is the same when only on spouse works and when both spouses work† (182). This also stems back into our class discussions in the subject of economic efficiency and how being most efficient when the consumer (Social Security beneficiary) and the producer (Social Security system funds) are both at a surplus. Before reading the books I never anticipated being able to connect it to the Public Policy class so readily. More importantly these policies mustn’t be overlookednbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The central argument of the book is to solve the problem of insufficient funds. Our system now is flawedShow MoreRelatedSocial Security999 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Security History, Current Structure and Calculation of Benefits The Social Security Act was implemented in 1935, after the stock market crash had wiped out the savings of millions of Americans, the nation reached out to their president to guarantee the elderly a decent income. The original Act provides retirement benefits payable to a person 65 years and older who were no longer working. There were very few people that had access to pension from their employers and through government pensionRead MoreSocial Security1185 Words   |  5 Pages) ADM653: SOCIAL SECURITY AND EMPLOYEE BENEFITS ADMINISTRATION TOPIC: DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL SECURITY IN UNITED STATES PREPARED BY: AFIQAH BINTI MAD KASSIM 2013455736 ALIA ATIQQAH BINTI ADENAN 2013 FIQRIN HANIS BINTI ROSLI 2013488894 INTAN SURAIYAH BINTI RAMAT 2013460818 NUR AMILY BINTI ZAINUDDIN 2013439594 GROUP: S3BA5G (SEPT 2015) PREPARED FOR: SIR SUHAIMI BIN ABD SAMAD SUBMISSION DATE: 13 OCTOBER 2015 1.0 Introduction United States Social Security AdministrationRead MoreSocial Security And Economic Security1311 Words   |  6 Pages In 2033 a retiree with the average Social Security benefits of $1,294 will only receive 77% of this number or $996. This average retiree pays the average monthly costs for a single adult in Grand Rapids, Michigan of $1,323. This shows Social Security benefits today are sinking below the amount necessary to live. In the case the benefits are cut further, living on benefits will be impossible. This stays true to the 20% of retirees who rely on Social Security for all of their income. To make a trulyRead MoreSocial Security And Economic Security1582 Words   |  7 PagesIn 18 years, Social Security benefits could drop so that millions will not have the money to survive. On the other hand, it could not exist entirely. Social Security funds are sinking due to its history, its inability to obtain funds, and the retirement of the Baby Boomer generation. To make a truly accurate evaluation of Social Security one must look at the past, present, and future of the program which is depicted in the following paragraphs through the program’s history, its costs, and finallyRead MoreSocial Security : A Social Problem3610 Words   |  15 PagesThe social security deficit is one that consumes the economy in the greatest way possible, whether man is aware of it or not. Social Security is an insurance plan the working class earns their beneficial coverage due to their work hours and tax paying on their earnings. The program is for the disabled and for those who can longer work due to health issues, or because of the retirement age that is required to have reached and some have met. To solve the social security dilemma some of the actionsRead MoreEssay on Social Security1184 Words   |  5 Pages Social Security nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Social Security is a public program designed to provide income and services to individuals in the event of retirement, sickness, disability, death, or unemployment. In the United States, the word social security refers to the programs established in 1935 under the Social Security Act. Societies throughout history have devised ways to support people who cannot support themselves. In 1937 the government began issuing Social Security identification cardsRead MoreEssay On Social Security1655 Words   |  7 PagesThat’s why America created a system called social security in 1935, this system is to help those who are older and have disabilities. (see staff.) Social security has three main part: first is the objective and comprehensive introduction to the American social security system; the second is the information authority, novel, the policies and data are from the US government and the legislature; third is the academic and practical combination of the US social security system Of the policy practice at theRead MoreThe Social Security System1442 Words   |  6 Pageshave faced the uncertainties brought on by unemployment, illness, disability, death and old age. In the realm of economics, these inevitable facets of life are said to be threats to one s economic security†- (www. ssa.gov). The 1935 Social Security Act was a giant step towards creating an economic security for the nation. However, as a person who has yet to be in the work force for 10 years I have already begun to realize that my comfort in retirement cannot rely on government funding, there are thoseRead MoreThe Benefits of Social Security1031 Words   |  4 PagesSocial security is any government system that provides monetary assistance to people with an inadequate or no income. The United States government program was established in 1935. Social security is important in the U.S. because it lifts 20 million people out of poverty. Social security has changed drastically in the past few years of our society. Today, 37 million people get social security benefits of more than $15 billion a month. One way of getting a social security is to gain employment. TheRead MoreEssay on Social Security782 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Security The purpose of this paper is to analyze social security so as to show the reader what makes it beneficial to us today. . Throughout my life the words social and security have meant little more to me than the representation of a small blue card in my wallet, a consistent and increasingly significant deduction of funds from my weekly pay-check, and a vague academically-instilled recollection of the potential for long-term future benefit. In fact, it was not until I researched

Chapter 5 Homework - 885 Words

Jazzlynn Ben Chapter 5 Problems Dr. Ennis 5.1. You were asked to investigate extremely high, unexplained merchandise shortages at a department store chain. You found the following: a. The receiving department supervisor owns and operates a boutique carrying many of the same labels as the chain store. The general manager is unaware of the ownership interest. -- It is a red flag warning so it is a fraud because there is a conflict of interest situation which should have alerted the auditor to the possibility of fraud. b. The receiving supervisor signs receiving reports showing that the total quantity shipped by a supplier was received and then diverts 5% to 10% of each shipment to the boutique. --There is a false†¦show more content†¦List two procedures you could follow to uncover John’s fraudulent behavior. 1) Trace all of the payments back to the supporting documentation. 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Departure, Initiation, and Return free essay sample

Departure, Initiation, and Return in Jorge Luis Borges â€Å"The Garden of Forking Paths† At first glance, Jorge Luis Borges short story, â€Å"The Garden of Forking Paths,† tells the tale of a Chinese agent for the Germans against the English during the first World War. In this short story, Yu Tsun (the spy) learns that a fellow agent has been eliminated. This means that he will undoubtedly be the next to be arrested and killed. This will probably happen before the end of the day. Yu Tsun has a mission that must be performed: send the name of the city containing the English air base to Berlin without the message being intercepted before he is captured. Yu Tsun, although a flawed hero, is the storys hero nonetheless, and the story outlines his attempt to fulfill his mission. Borges short story follows a mythological structure using Joseph Campbells three main stages of the heros journey: departure, initiation, and return. Along the way, Yu Tsun, quite by accident, discovers a tale of multiple paths, labyrinths both physical and metaphorical. He learns of the concept of how multiple choices can lead to multiple realities. Even so, at the end, it appears that his fate has already been determined, and he has reached the last fork in his lifes path. Jorge Luis Borges uses this simple wartime spy story as a frame to tell a tale of philosophy, multiple worlds, and inescapable destiny. The storys narrative begins with what turns out to be a spys confessional. The surface story tells of his mission and how he seeks to accomplish it in the face of obstacles. A mythological analysis says that the story has a heros departure. It also says that the story has a call to adventure or â€Å"call to some high historical undertaking† (Campbell 51), a brief refusal of the call, a starting point when the call is accepted, and guides on the journeys path . The story goes on as the spy departs for another location to carry out his mission. Time is running out and there is no way of escape. A deeper look into the story shows the initiation that takes the flawed hero to a different dimension (metaphorically). It also shows the hero as he seeks to capture the great prize (in his case, obtained by performing a seemingly impossible task). At the end of the story, the pursuer of the spy finds the spys whereabouts. The spy is ultimately captured even as he completes his mission. Metaphorically, there is a return, the leaving of the other world and the bringing back of the prize. These are performed by the hero with (in a variation) unwitting help in the form of an opposing force. In the story, Borges tells of paths that diverge and converge, â€Å"diverse futures, diverse times which themselves also proliferate and fork† (267). So, too, a mythological critical analysis of the story reveals a multi-layered path. The author of â€Å"The Garden of Forking Paths† converges the storys multiple threads throughout the tale by use of the three main features of the heros journey. In spite of its unorthodox structure, the application of the simple mythological pattern of the heros adventure is evidenced in the storys tripartite divisions into departure, initiation, return in â€Å"The Garden of Forking Paths† by Jorge Luis Borges. Yu Tsun is alerted to the fact that Captain Richard Madden, â€Å"[a]n Irishman at the service of England,† is in Viktor Runebergs (a fellow agent) apartment (263). This telephone call metaphorically serves as a herald that a change is on the horizon, â€Å"Maddens presence in Viktor Runebergs apartment meant the end of our anxieties and also the end of our lives†(263). In this instance, while the adventure has already started in one sense (he is already an agent), he reaches the threshold of something different. He is certain that the end is near, and â€Å"it seemed to [him] that that day should be the one of [his] inexorable death† (263). He becomes depressed â€Å"in the midst of [his] hatred and terror,† not seeing anyway to fulfill his mission (264). He says that he â€Å"must flee,† but what can he do in the short amount of time he believes he has left (264)? At this moment, the situation seems hopeless; he appears helpless and unable to complete his mission. However, â€Å"[s]omethingperhaps the mere vain ostentation of proving [his] resources were nilmade [him] look through [his] pockets†(264). He finds, among other things, a â€Å"revolver with one bullet†(264). This gives him the idea that â€Å"a pistol report can be heard at a great distance†(264). The â€Å"something† could be related in a mythological sense to supernatural aid. While atypical because there is no form (of either flesh or spirit), it is help from a source outside of his conscious thought (264). He looks in the telephone book for a name and formulates a plan that is not immediately revealed to the reader. He sets out on his journey and goes to the train station. He gets in his seat and the train begins to move when he sees â€Å"[a] man whom [he] recognized running in vain to the end of the platform† (264-265). The man is his pursuerCaptain Richard Madden. Yu Tsun is frightened and â€Å"shrank into the far corner of the seat, away from the dreaded window† (265). On the surface, this may look to be merely a narrow escape, but a mythological perspective takes a deeper look. This could be viewed as a parallel to crossing the first threshold and going into the unknown past a hostile guard. In The Hero with a Thousand Faces, Joseph Campbell says that, â€Å"[t]he adventure is always and everywhere a passage beyond the veil of the known into the unknown; the powers that watch at the boundary are dangerous; to deal with them is risky; yet for anyone with competence and courage the danger fades†(82). This is not a perfect parallel, for the battle with the gatekeeper (who in this case is also the heros main adversary) is only won by the heros punctuality, not his skill and cunning, and the danger does not fade but is only delayed until the next train. As Yu Tsun gets to his seat, he notices his fellow travelers. They include â€Å"a few farmers, a woman dressed in mourning, a young boy who was reading with fervor the Annals of Tacitus, a wounded and happy soldier† (264). There is nothing interesting at face value. But, in this story, nothing should be aken at face value. Rene de Costa, a professor of romance languages at the University of Chicago and the author of Humor in Borges (Wayne), says, â€Å"This last qualifier is momentarily in tension with the first, but only until we realize why the wounded soldier is happy. He is happy to be still alive. Indeed, for this soldier, the war is happily over. The traveling widow probably collects a pension, and the student at leis ure is handily avoiding military service by dutifully studying the cyclical dynastic wars in imperial Rome. The overall thrust of this story is not comic but ironic† (Costa). He gets off the train at the Ashgrove station. A boy at the station asks if he is â€Å"going to Dr. Stephen Alberts house,† and then he tells him he â€Å"wont get lost if [he] take[s] this road to the left and at every crossroads turn again to [his] left† (265). For Yu Tsun, these directions brings to mind that â€Å"such was the common procedure for discovering the central point of certain labyrinths† (265). This gets him to thinking of his ancestor Tsui Pen, â€Å"who renounced worldly power in order to write a novel nd to construct a labyrinth in which all men would become lost† (265). He goes on with these thoughts until he comes to the house. Dr. Albert meets him at the door, and addressing Yu Tsun â€Å"in [his] own language† assumes that he â€Å"no doubt wish[es] to see the garden† (266). Yu Tsun learns that the garden Dr. Albert refers to is â€Å"the garden of forking paths† of his â€Å"ancestor Tsui Pen† (266). Yu Tsun follows him inside, and decides that his â€Å"irrevocable determination could wait† (266). This scene could be viewed metaphorically as a brief refusal of the call, if for only a few minutes. While this is not the usual place to find a refusal in the sequence of events (showing the story to have an unorthodox structure), Campbell says â€Å"[t]he myths and folk tales of the whole world make clear that the refusal is essentially a refusal to give up what one takes to be ones own interest† (59-60). This instance certainly falls under that category. Dr. Stephen Albert, â€Å"a Sinologist† brings his guest inside and they sit down together (266). Yu Tsun hears of his ancestor, Tsui Pen, and his choice to â€Å"close himself up for thirteen years in the Pavilion of the Limpid Solitude. When he died, his heirs found nothing save chaotic manuscripts. His family wished to condemn them to the fire; but his executora Taoist or Buddhist monkinsisted on their publication† (266). Yu Tsun is already aware of this, and says that he and the other descendants â€Å"continue to curse that monk The book is an indeterminate heap of contradictory drafts in the third chapter the hero dies, in the fourth he is alive† (266). The heirs of Tsui Pen look at the surface of events and see only confusion. Yu Tsun goes physically through the complicated path to Alberts house and began his journey into a world of unfamiliar ideas. Metaphorically, this can be related to the beginning of the initiation stage of the heros journey. Campbell says, â€Å"[o]nce having traversed the threshold, the hero moves in a dream landscape of curiously fluid, ambiguous forms† (97). Albert then says that the missing labyrinth is â€Å"of symbols [a]n invisible labyrinth of time† (266). Albert points out that â€Å"no one in the vast territories that were his came upon the labyrinth† so, â€Å"the confusion of the novel suggest[s] to [him] that it [is] the maze† (266). Albert has â€Å"questioned the ways in which a book can be infinite† (266). Alberts thoughts turn to â€Å"that night which is at the middle of the Thousand and One Nights when Scheherazade (through a magical oversight of the copyist) begins to relate word for word the story of the Thousand and One Nights, establishing the risk of coming once again to the night when she must repeat it, and thus on to infinity† (267). This instance in the Thousand and One Nights corresponds to the complexity woven into â€Å"The Garden of Forking Paths. Both stories have an unorthodox structure with a frame story, and stories within the main story being told. Evelyn Fishburn, author of â€Å"Traces of the Thousand and One Nights in Borges (Iowa),† et al, says, â€Å"[i]n a traditional labyrinth you have to turn, and turn, and turn again until you find the centre (or the way out). These turns are diversions (Latin divertere) which mean both to amuse and to turn aside. The Nights mission was to draw attention away from a serious concern (diversion) through entertainment (diversion) For Scheherazade t is a life-saving operation; her tales are what delays the moment of her execution†(Fishburn). Albert is also delaying Yu Tsun from his objective with his tale, although in this instance the delay is unintentional. Albert then shows Yu Tsun â€Å"a fragment of a letter [he] discovered† (267). The words left by Tsui Pen are â€Å"I leave to the various futures (not to all) my garden of forking paths† (267, italics). This passage illuminates for Albert that â€Å" the garden of forking paths [is] the chaotic novel; the various futures (not to all) the forking in time, not in space† (267).

The Role of Propaganda in Animal Farm free essay sample

Propaganda is the act of perverting information in order to influence the thoughts or actions of others. Propaganda is used in order to accomplish goals which cannot be attained in more honorable or more principled ways. In the novel, Animal Farm, George Orwell’s characters use various examples of propaganda in order to achieve and promote their own selfish desires. Animal Farm is an allegory using a farm as a metaphor of communist Russia under Stalin. The pigs in the novel, or Stalin’s supporters, use propaganda to persuade the other animals to revolt against Farmer Jones, who represents the Czar. Throughout the duration of the Russian Revolution, propaganda served the purpose of keeping Russia under Stalin’s control. After the revolution on the farm, the pigs exploit propaganda to obtain the power of the farm. The following will present examples of how propaganda is used, and what techniques are most prominent. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Propaganda in Animal Farm or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Scapegoat is the foremost example of propaganda used in the book. Scapegoat is when all of the tribulations and disasters that transpire are attributed to an individual or group. Scapegoat is used frequently in alliance with quick fix – a fast and easy solution to all problems that are occurring in the present time. At the beginning of the novel, we find that when Old Major, the prize Middle White boar, attempts to illustrate his dream, he exclaims, â€Å"There, comrades, is the answer to all our problems. It is summed up in a single word – Man. Man is the only real enemy we have. Remove Man from the scene †¦ and overwork is abolished forever. † Thus, man serves as the scapegoat for all the animals’ woes. Instead of attempting to look within to find how to solve a problem, it is often easier to cast blame on another. Therefore, â€Å"Man† becomes the perfect scapegoat. Again, we find in the middle of the book that when Napoleon, the pig who represents Stalin, wanted to expand his control, he evicts Snowball, another pig who is meant to parallel Trotzky. Napoleon then scapegoats him by placing all the farm’s faults upon him. The simple, dense animals thus have no choice other than to rely on Napoleon even more out of their loathsomeness for Snowball. For example, after days of laborious and strenuous labor of constructing the windmill, a storm pulverizes it. While scrutinizing the ruins, Napoleon concludes, â€Å"Snowball! †¦ Snowball has done this thing! I now pronounce the death penalty upon him! † This statement illustrates how Napoleon exploits Snowball as a scapegoat. In another example, towards the end of the book, Napoleon again blames his own errors on a scapegoat – Frederick, the neighbor. Napoleon sold Frederick a pile of lumber, to which was paid for with forged counterfeit bank notes. â€Å"The news of what hap pened sped around the farm like wildfire. The bank notes were forgeries! Frederick had got the timber for nothing! Napoleon called the animals together and†¦ pronounced the death sentence upon Frederick. When captured, he said, Frederick should be boiled alive. † Napoleon had the obligation to inspect the bank notes before he accepted them for the huge amount of lumber that he gave him. Here again Napoleon uses this manner of propaganda to avoid the scrutiny of the other animals and cast blame on someone else rather than to accept any responsibility on himself. Through all of these scapegoats used by Napoleon and the pigs, the simple farm animals were unable to realize how they were deceitfully misled, and did not comprehend what actually occurred. The next most common form of propaganda is red herring. This is a distraction used to get the audience to stray from the original topic of discussion in order to avoid from either dealing with or solving a problem. In the beginning of the novel, after the animal’s revolution, the cows produce five buckets of creamy milk which many animals desired. When they inquire of the milk’s usage, Napoleon responds, â€Å"‘Never mind the milk, comrades! ’†¦ ‘The harvest is more important. ’† When the animals returned it was noticed that the milk had disappeared. The animals did not receive any portion of this delicacy. Thus, we see that the shrewd and cunning boar used the harvest as a ‘red herring’. Then later on, Squealer, the hog who plays the part of the propaganda minister, and the other pigs assure the other animals that saving all the milk and apples for themselves was not their own choice: â€Å"You don’t imagine†¦ that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? Many of us actually dislike milk and apples. I dislike them myself. Our sole object†¦ is to preserve our health. Do you know what would happen if we fail our duty? Jones would come back! † By mentioning their recent master as an excuse for keeping the apples and milk, Squealer distracts the animals from the reality of the pig’s selfishness. The pigs use Jones as a ‘red herring’ numerous times throughout the novel. For example, we find a little later when Squealer warns the animals, â€Å"Discipline! †¦ Iron discipline! †¦ One false step and our enemies would be upon us. Surely, comrades, you don’t want Jones back? † Again, when the pigs begin to sleep on beds, which is against the spirit of the revolution, Squealer justifies this by saying, â€Å"You would not have us too tired to carry out our duties? Surely none of you wishes to see Jones back? † The pigs use this form of red herring many times, whether relevant or not to the situation. The third instance of red herring in the book is after Frederick sprung an attack on Animal Farm. This encounter, known as the Battle of the Windmill caused a great amount of casualties to both sides. The humans slew and injured many animals, and in return, Boxer, the enormous cart-horse, a beast nearly eighteen hands high, provided them with three â€Å"heads broken by blows from (his mighty) hoofs. † Immediately, after the clash, however, to the animal’s surprise, they hear a â€Å"solemn booming of a gun. â€Å"‘What is that gun firing for? ’ said Boxer. ‘To celebrate our victory! cried Squealer. ‘What victory? ’ ‘What victory, comrade? Have we not driven the enemy off our soil†¦? ’† This red herring is to assure the animals of how brilliant their â€Å"Comrade Napoleon† was, and that even after a defeat, they still praise and appreciate him. As we see, red herring is used to cause forgetfulness on a to pic, which the user knows is false, to discourage attention. A final example of propaganda in the novel is sloganism. Sloganism consists of a brief and concise catchy maxim that is simple to retain. Because of this, it is declared and believed by all. The first example of this occurs in the beginning of the book after the revolution. The pigs construct â€Å"Seven Commandments† to which all animals that belong to Animal Farm must obey. The first of the six reads as following: â€Å"Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy† and the second law of â€Å"Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend. † This, however, was difficult to remember, so the sheep originate a slogan – â€Å"Four legs good, two legs bad. † This locution creates a hatred for all humanity, thus expanding their faith to the higher authority – the pigs and Napoleon. The next illustration of this form of propaganda that transpires is Boxer’s simple but sincere mottoes of â€Å"Napoleon is always right† and â€Å"I will work harder. † This honest beast was sadly indoctrinated by Napoleon to believe this. However, Napoleon still desired to be relieved of him, for his huge muscles and incorruptible reputation might eventually cause a revolt. Therefore, he instructed his massive and vicious dogs to attack him, but Boxer easily set them off. Once Boxer’s lung became seriously impaired, Napoleon takes the opportunity to rid himself of this animal. He sends for a horse slaughterer to secure him, thus making a profit to which was spent in whisky. Boxer’s second maxim, â€Å"I will work harder,† shows that he places the blame to many occurrences on himself. For example, after Napoleon cruelly murdered many poor, innocent animals for â€Å"sins† which they never took part in, Boxer says sadly, â€Å"I don’t understand it. The solution, as I see it, is to work harder. From now onward, I shall get up one hour earlier in the mornings. † This is the opinion of a simple, honest peasant in the times of Stalin’s rule. The third case of sloganism, which occurs many times in the book, is â€Å"Death to Humanity! † This was created by Napoleon while trying to convince the animals of Snowball’s intention during the Battle of the Cowshed. Squealer, of whom Orwell narrates, â€Å"He could turn black into white,† convinced the animals that Snowball was leagued with the humans. â€Å"Do you not remember how, just as the moment Jones and his men had got inside the yard, Snowball turned and fled?.. and do you not remember†¦ that Comrade Napoleon sprang forward with a cry of ‘Death to Humanity! † Afterward, this slogan was modified to â€Å"Death to Frederick† when rumor had it he was approaching with twenty men to engage in fighting. Sloganism is an essential form of propaganda in the book because the animals’ intellectual capacity is not very great. This encouraged them to fall back on slogans, for they were capable of comprehending these. In conclusion, this essay portrayed examples of how propaganda is used in the novel, Animal Farm. Frequently, when the public or addressees are obtuse, the speaker or leader can unfortunately convince or entirely alter a person or entity’s sentiment. Napoleon, with the help of Squealer and the other pigs, swayed, affected and influenced every animal’s thoughts and beliefs on Animal Farm using propaganda as a fundamental instrument. Napoleon had the authority to do as he wished, which proves that absolute power can be completely corrupt and crooked. I predict that just as Absolutism by communist Russia and Stalin’s regime collapsed, so to with Animal Farm. Hopefully, farmers will learn the lesson of respecting their animals as Jones unfortunately failed to do, for then such a revolution would never have occurred.